Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in middle-aged and older men. The disease often progresses slowly over many years, and in the early stages many people may not notice clear symptoms. However, as the condition develops, urinary problems can significantly affect daily activities and quality of life. 

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia? 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition in which the prostate gland gradually enlarges with age. It typically begins after the age of 40 and becomes more common as men get older. Statistics show that the prevalence may reach up to about 90% in men over 80 years old. 

The condition often has a long latent phase, and most clinical symptoms become more noticeable in men over the age of 55. 

Functions of the prostate gland 

The prostate gland plays an important role in the male reproductive and urinary systems, including: 

  • Producing fluid that forms part of semen and helps nourish and protect sperm 
  • Contributing to the process of ejaculation 
  • Helping regulate urine flow through muscular contraction 

Common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia 

People with BPH may experience urinary symptoms such as: 

  • Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia) 
  • Urgent need to urinate 
  • Weak urine stream or straining during urination 
  • Intermittent urine flow 
  • Feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied 
  • A sensation of bladder fullness shortly after urinating, leading to the need to urinate again 

These symptoms often gradually worsen over time if the condition is not properly monitored and treated. 

Diagnostic tests and evaluations 

To assess prostate enlargement, doctors may recommend several tests, including: 

  • Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate 
  • PSA test (Prostate-Specific Antigen) 
  • Measurement of post-void residual urine volume 
  • Uroflowmetry (urine flow test) 
  • Urodynamic studies 
  • Cystoscopy (endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder) when necessary 

When is treatment needed? 

Conservative medical treatment 

This approach is often recommended for patients with mild symptoms and a post-void residual urine volume of less than 100 ml. The goal is to relieve symptoms and monitor disease progression. 

Surgical treatment 

Surgery may be considered when: 

  • Urinary symptoms are severe 
  • Post-void residual urine volume is greater than 100 ml 
  • Medical treatment is not effective 

Surgical options may include transurethral resection procedures, endoscopic prostate enucleation, or open surgery in special cases. 

Care and prevention of prostate enlargement 

Lifestyle changes 

  • Exercise regularly and avoid prolonged sitting 
  • Drink enough water daily while limiting alcohol and caffeine intake 
  • Maintain a healthy and balanced sexual life 
  • Have regular health check-ups for early detection of prostate problems 

Healthy diet 

  • Consume foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and natural bioactive compounds 
  • Ensure adequate intake of essential trace minerals such as zinc and selenium, which support prostate health 
  • Limit high-fat and greasy foods 
  • Reduce sugary drinks, alcohol, and carbonated beverages 

Message for middle-aged and older men 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common age-related condition and is usually manageable when detected early and monitored properly. Regular health check-ups, paying attention to urinary changes, and following medical advice can help control the condition and improve quality of life. 

At Hoan My Cuu Long Hospital, patients can receive consultation, examination, and monitoring for prostate conditions from experienced doctors using appropriate diagnostic technologies.